Mahler SA, Hiestand BC, Hoekstra JW, Goff DC, Miller CD. Length of stay for observation unit chest pain patients tested with coronary computed tomography angiography compared to stress testing depends on time of emergency department presentation [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 2012;19(Suppl 1):S152.

Lefebvre CW, Krucoff MW, Hiestand BC, Chandra A, Cairns CB, Massaro J, Hoekstra J. Comparison of an automated algorithm to expert physician interpretation of 80-lead body surface mapping in the evaluation of acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain:. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45(6):702-707.

Wang Y, Lindsell CJ, Pollack CV Jr, Hollander J, Diercks DB, Kirk JD, Anantharaman V, Gibler WB, Hoekstra J, Peacock WF. Self-reported cocaine use, emergency physician testing and outcomes in suspected acute coronary syndromes: a nested matched case-control study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(3):e000572.

McMullin N, Lindsell CJ, Lei L, Mafi J, Jois-Bilowich P, Anantharaman V, Pollack CV Jr, Hollander JE, Gibler WB, Hoekestra JW, et al. Outcomes associated with small changes in normal-range cardiac markers. Am J Emerg Med. 2011;29(2):162-167.

Diercks DB, Pollack CV Jr, Hollander JE, Blomkalns AL, Emerman CL, Rokos IC, Larson DM, Hoekstra JW, Mehran R, Stone GW. The time dependence of antithrombin initiation in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: subgroup analysis from the ACUITY trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;57(3):204-212.

Miller C, Hwang W, Case D, Hoekstra JW, Lefebvre C, Blumstein H, Hamilton CA, Harper EN, Hundley WG. In emergency department patients with acute chest pain, stress cardiac MRI observation unit care reduces 1-year cardiac-related health care expenditures: a randomized trial [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(14 Suppl 1):E1187.

Miller CD, Hoekstra JW, Lefevbre C [sic] [Lefebvre C], Blumstein H, Hamilton CA, Harper EN, Mahler S, Diercks DB, Neiberg RH, Hundley WG. A randomized trial comparing stress cardiac MRI to conventional testing among observation unit patients with chest pain [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(Suppl 1):S12.

Mahler SA, Nawanaji-Enwerem J, Miller CD, Hoekstra JW, Goff DC. Coronary computed tomography angiography decreases length of stay in patients with acute chest pain compared to stress testing: does time of patient presentation affect this relationship? [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(14 Suppl 1):E666.

Mahler SA, Goff DC, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD. Is the HEART score predictive of major adverse cardiac events in a cohort of emergency department patients with low-risk chest pain? [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 2011;18(5 Suppl 1):S17.

Cannon CP, Hoekstra JW, Larson DM, Karcher RB, Mencia WA, Berry CA, Stowell SA. A report of quality improvement in the care of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2011;10(1):29-34.

Miller CD, Hwang W, Case D, Hoekstra JW, Lefebvre C, Blumstein H, Hamilton CA, Harper EN, Hundley WG. Stress CMR imaging observation unit in the emergency department reduces 1-year medical care costs in patients with acute chest pain: a randomized study for comparison with inpatient care. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(8):862-870.

Mahler SA, Hiestand BC, Goff DC Jr, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD. Can the HEART score safely reduce stress testing and cardiac imaging in patients at low risk for major adverse cardiac events?. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2011;10(3):128-133.

Mahler SA, Goff DC, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD. Variability of emergency physicians' utilization of chest pain units for 'very low risk' chest pain patients [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(4 Suppl):S190.

Stowell SA, Cannon CP, Hoekstra JW, Peterson ED, Miller SC. Take heart: a one-on-one peer-based strategy to improve acute coronary syndrome patient care. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2011;10(4):164-168.

Sklar DP, Handel DA, Hoekstra J, Baren JM, Zink B, Hedges JR. The future of emergency medicine: an evolutionary perspective. Acad Med. 2010;85(3):490-495.

Lefebvre CW, Hoekstra J. Risk stratification and application of guidelines for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department [CME]. Thrombosis Clinic. 2010;3(2):9-20.

Cannon CP, Hoekstra JW, Larson DM, Carter RD, Cornish J, Karcher RB, Mencia WA, Berry CA, Stowell SA. Physician practice patterns in acute coronary syndromes: an initial report of an individual quality improvement program. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2010;9(1):23-29.

Miller CD, Hwang W, Hoekstra JW, Case D, Lefebvre C, Blumstein H, Hiestand B, Hamilton CA, Harper EN, Hundley WG, et al. Stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with observation unit care reduces cost for patients with emergent chest pain: a randomized trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;56(3):209-219.

O'Neil BJ, Hoekstra J, Pride YB, Lefebvre C, Diercks D, Peacock WF, Fermann GJ, Gibson CM, Pinto D, Giglio JF, et al. Incremental benefit of 80-lead electrocardiogram body surface mapping over the 12-lead electrocardiogram in the detection of acute coronary syndromes in patients without ST-elevation myocardial infarction:. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17(9):932-939.

Glickman SW, Granger CB, Ou F-S, O'Brien S, Lytle BL, Cairns CB, Mears G, Hoekstra JW, Garvey JL, Peterson ED, et al. Impact of a statewide ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction regionalization program on treatment times for women, minorities, and the elderly. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3(5):514-521.

Kelly EW, Kelly JD, Hiestand B, Wells-Kiser K, Starling S, Hoekstra JW. Six Sigma process utilization in reducing door-to-balloon time at a single academic tertiary care center. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;53(3):219-226.

Lefebvre CW, Hoekstra JW, Bonaca M, Giugliano R. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in the emergency department for patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: principles and practices. J Emerg Med. 2009;36(2):162-170.

Cannon CP, Hoekstra JW, Larson DM, Mencia WA, Cornish J, Carter RD, Berry CA, Karcher RB. Individual quality improvement in acute coronary syndromes: a performance improvement initiative. Crit Pathw Cardiol. 2009;8(1):43-48.

Hoekstra J, Cohen M. Management of patients with unstable angina / non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a critical review of the 2007 ACC /AHA guidelines. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(4):642-655.

Lopes RD, Alexander KP, Manoukian SV, Bertrand ME, Feit F, White HD, Pollack CV Jr, Hoekstra J, Gersh BJ, Stone GW, et al. Advanced age, antithrombotic strategy, and bleeding in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from the ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(12):1021-1030.

Chandra A, Lindsell CJ, Limkakeng A, Djercks DB, Hoekstra JW, Hollander JE, Kirk JD, Peacock WF, Gibler WB, Pollack CV. Emergency physician high pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome correlates with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(8):740-748.

Hoekstra J, Cohen M, Giugliano R, Granger CB, Gurbel PA, Hollander JE, Manoukian SV, Saucedo JF, Pollack CV Jr. Expert consensus on treatment strategies in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention--an evidence-based review. Am J Emerg Med. 2009;27(6):720-728.

Miller CD, Blomkalns AL, Gersh BJ, Pollack CV, Brogan GX, Diercks DB, Peacock WF, Stone GW, Hollander JE, Hoekstra JW, et al. Safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in high-risk patients admitted through the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(8):717-725.

Peacock W, Hoekstra J, Krucoff M, Diercks D, Fermann G, Clark C, Grines C, Jois-Bilowich P. Early objective identification of chest pain patients at very low risk of 30-day adverse outcomes [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(3 Suppl):S2.

Fermann GJ, Raja AS, Peterson ED, Roe MT, Hoekstra JW, Milford-Beland S, Diercks DB, Pollack CV Jr, Peacock WF, Summers R, et al. Early treatment for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome is associated with appropriate discharge care. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(9):519-525.

Takakuwa KM, Ou F-S, Peterson ED, Pollack CV Jr, Peacock WF, Hoekstra JW, Ohman EM, Gibler WB, Blomkalns AL, Roe MT. The usage patterns of cardiac bedside markers employing point-of-care testing for troponin in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from CRUSADE. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(9):498-505.

LaPointe NMA, Chen AY, Roe MT, Cohen DJ, Diercks DB, Hoekstra JW, Fesmire FM, Gibler WB, Ohman EM, Peterson ED. Relation of patient age and mortality to reported contraindications to early beta-blocker use for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(10):1324-1329.

Hoekstra JW, O'Neill BJ, Pride YB, Lefebvre C, Diercks DB, Peacock WF, Fermann GJ, Gibson CM, Pinto D, Giglio J, et al. Acute detection of ST-elevation myocardial infarction missed on standard 12-Lead ECG with a novel 80-lead real-time digital body surface map: primary results from the multicenter OCCULT MI trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(6):779-788.

Miller CD, Hwang W, Case D, Lefebvre C, Hiestand B, Diercks DB, Hamilton CA, Harper EN, Hoekstra JW, Hundley WG. Stress cardiac MRI in an observation unit setting reduces index hospitalization cost in ED patients with chest pain at intermediate risk for acute coronary syndromes [abstract]. Circulation. 2009;120(18 Suppl 2):S337.

McMullan J, Gallaher J, Askew K, Zhang Z-M, Hoekstra J, Miller C. The association between frontal plane QRS/T angle and short-term adverse events in ED patients with chest pain [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(4 Suppl 1):S116.

Miller CD, Hwang W, Hoekstra JW, Lefebvre C, Case D, Hundley WG. Randomized comparison of observation unit plus stress cardiac MRI and hospital admission [abstract]. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2009;11(Suppl 1):0103.

Boden WE, Hoekstra J, Miller CD. ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the role of adjunctive antiplatelet therapy. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):212-220.

Chew DP, Mahaffey KW, White HD, Huang Z, Hoekstra JW, Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Aylward PE. Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with acute coronary syndromes is difficult to predict. Am Heart J. 2008;155(5):841-847.

White HD, Chew DP, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD, Pollack CV Jr, Feit F, Lincoff AM, Bertrand M, Pocock S, Ware J, et al. Safety and efficacy of switching from either unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin to bivalirudin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an invasive strategy:. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(18):1734-1741.

Hoekstra JW. Managing antiplatelet therapy in the ACS patient: straight from the emergency department to you. J Hosp Med. 2008;3(Suppl 2):S15-S19.

Deitelzweig SB, Hoekstra JW. Peripheral arterial disease and the hospitalist: the rationale for early detection and optimal therapy. J Hosp Med. 2008;3(Suppl 2):S4-S8.

Miller CD, Fermann GJ, Lindsell CJ, Mahaffey KW, Peacock WF, Pollack CV, Hollander JE, Diercks DB, Gibler WB, Hoekstra JW. Initial risk stratification and presenting characteristics of patients with evolving myocardial infarctions. Emerg Med J. 2008;25(8):492-497.

Roe MT, Kikano G, Miller CD, Hoekstra JW. Continuum of care in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): importance of platelet and coagulation inhibition. Postgrad Med. 2008;120(2):67-78.

Cohen M, Hoekstra J. The use of adjunctive anticoagulants in patients with acute coronary syndrome transitioning to percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(8):932-941.

Cohen M, Hoekstra J, Giugliano R, Granger CB, Gurbel PA, Hollander JE, Manoukian SV, Pollack CV Jr, Saucedo JF. Treatment strategies in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an evidence-based review of clinical trial results and treatment guidelines: report on a roundtable discussion. J Interven Cardiol. 2008;21(4):283-299.

Brar SS, Brent MT, Cox DA, Feit F, Colombo A, Aylward PE, Cequier AR, Darius H, Desmet W, Hoekstra J, et al. Bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing saphenous vein graft percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis from the Acute Catheterization and. Circulation. 2008;118(18 Suppl 2):S974.

Han JH, Lindsell CJ, Storrow AB, Luber S, Hoekstra JW, Hollander JE, Peacodk WF IV, Pollack CV, Gibler WB. The role of cardiac risk factor burden in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department setting. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49(2):145-152.

Miller CD, Hoekstra JW, Pollack CV, Manoukian SV, Diercks DB, Blomkains AL, Peacock FW, Brogan GX, Hollander JE, Gersh B, et al. Safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in high-risk patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted through the emergency department: implications for upstream management [abstract]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(9 Suppl 1):208A.

Miller CD, Banerjee A, Mahaffey KW, Kontos MC, Fermann G, Pollack CV Jr, Antman E, Aylward P, Santos R, Hoekstra JW, et al. Treatment and outcomes of patients with evolving myocardial infarction: experiences from the SYNERGY trial. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(9):1079-1084.

Bennett KM, Hernandez AF, Chen AY, Mulgund J, Newby LK, Rumsfeld JS, Hochman JS, Hoekstra JW, Ohman EM, Gibler WB, et al. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function among patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(10):1351-1356.

Tricoci P, Peterson ED, Chen AY, Newby LK, Harrington RA, Greenbaum AB, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, Hoekstra JW, Pollack CV Jr, et al. Timing of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use and outcomes among patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (results from CRUSADE). Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(10):1389-1393.

Miller CD, Roe MT, Mulgund J, Hoekstra JW, Santos R, Pollack CV Jr, Ohman EM, Gibler WB, Peterson ED. Impact of acute beta-blocker therapy for patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2007;120(8):685-692.

Han JH, Lindsell CJ, Hornung RW, Lewis T, Storrow AB, Hoekstra JW, Hollander JE, Miller CD, Peacock WF, Pollack CV, et al. The elder patient with suspected acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14(8):732-739.

McMullin ND, Lindsell CJ, Wang Y, Anantharaman V, Pollack CV Jr, Hollander JE, Gibler WB, Hoekestra JW, Diercks DB, Peacock WF. Cocaine and testing in acute coronary syndromes [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;50(3 Suppl):S8.

Jollis JG, Roettig ML, Aluko AO, Anstrom KJ, Applegate RJ, Babb JD, Berger PB, Bohle DJ, Fletcher SM, Hoekstra JW, et al. Implementation of a statewide system for coronary reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2007;298(20):2371-2380.

Lefebvre C, Hoekstra J. Early detection and diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: the potential for improved care with next-generation, user-friendly electrocardiographic body surface mapping. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25(9):1063-1072.

Granger CB, Babb JD, Bohle DJ, Fletcher SM, Garvey JL, Hathaway WR, Hoekstra JW, Roettig ML, Wilson BH, Jollis JG. The Reperfusion of Acute MI in Carolina Emergency Departments (RACE) systems improvement program: primary results [abstract]. Circulation. 2007;116(22):2629.

Lansky LJ, Mehran R, Mori K, Costa R, Cequier AR, Pollack CV, Hoekstra J, Bertrand ME, Gersh BJ, Stone GW. Gender differences in long-term outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention of patients with non-ST elevation-acute coronary syndrome: results from the ACUITY trial [abstract]. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(8A Suppl):153L.

Manoukian SV, Feit F, Voeltz MD, Ebrahimi R, Hamon M, Chew DP, Dangas GD, Desmet W, Lincoff AM, Hoekstra JW, et al. Impact of the ACUITY and TIMI major bleeding definitions on one-year mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes [abstract]. Circulation. 2007;116(16 Suppl):482.

Mehran R, Kirtane AJ, Dangas GD, Ohman EM, Pocock S, Gersh BJ, Bertrand ME, Hamon M, Manoukian SV, Hoekstra J, et al. Long-term outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated with bivalirudin vs heparin plus a glycoprotein Ilb/Illa inhibitor: one year results from the randomized ACUITY trial [abstract]. Circulation. 2007;116(16 Suppl):483.

Mehran R, Kirtane AJ, Dangas GD, Ohman EM, Pocock SJ, Gersh BJ, Bertrand ME, Hamon M, Manoukian SV, Hoekstra J, et al. Long-term outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes and chronic renal insufficiency undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and being treated with bivalirudin vs heparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor: results from the. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(8 Suppl 1):27L.

White H, Chew DP, Hoekstra JW, Pollack CV, Feit F, Ohman EM, Mehran R, Miller C, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of switching from either unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin plus a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor to bivalirudin monotherapy in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an invasive strategy:. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(8A Suppl):63L.

Lindsell CJ, Anantharaman V, Diercks D, Han JH, Hoekstra JW, Hollander JE, Kirk JD, Lim S-H, Peacock WF, Tiffany B, et al. The Internet Tracking Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (i*trACS): a multicenter registry of patients with suspicion of acute coronary syndromes reported using the standardized reporting guidelines for emergency department chest pain studies. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(6):666-677.

Cohen M, Mahaffey KW, Pieper K, Pollack CV Jr, Antman EM, Hoekstra J, Goodman SG, Langer A, Col JJ, White HD, et al. A subgroup analysis of the impact of prerandomization antithrombin therapy on outcomes in the SYNERGY Trial: enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(7):1346-1354.

Mehta RH, Newby LK, Patel Y, Hoekstra JW, Miller CD, Chen AY, Lytle BL, Diercks DB, Summers RL, Brogan GX, et al. The impact of emergency department structure and care processes in delivering care for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Am Heart J. 2006;152(4):648-660.

Miller CD, Hoekstra JW. Medical decisionmaking and the San Francisco Syncope Rule [reply to letter]. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(6):763.

Stone GW, McLaurin BT, Cox DA, Bertrand ME, Lincoff AM, Moses JW, White HD, Pocock SJ, Ware JH, Hoekstra J, et al. Bivalirudin for patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(21):2203-2216.

Ohman EM, Bertrand ME, Feit F, White HD, Stone GW, Pollack CV, Hoekstra J, Gersh BJ. Outcomes in elderly patients treated with bivalirudin monotherapy versus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with heparin or LMWH: results from the randomized ACUITY trial [abstract]. Circulation. 2006;114(18 Suppl):701.

Pollack C, Hoekstra JW, White HD, Hollander JE, Diercks DB, Ebrahimi R, Rasmussen LH, Rupprecht HJ, Stone GW. Safety and effectiveness of bivalirudin in non ST-Segment elevation acute coronary syndromes by duration of upstream infusion in the ACUITY trial: implications for emergency department and upstream management [abstract]. Circulation. 2006;114(18 Suppl):814.

Storrow AB, Lindsell CJ, Han JH, Slovis CM, Miller KF, Gibler WB, Hoekstra JW, Peacock WF, Hollander JE, Pollack CV Jr. Discordant cardiac biomarkers: frequency and outcomes in emergency department patients with chest pain. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(6):660-665.

White HD, Hoekstra J, Pollack CV, Ohman EM, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of crossover from enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin to bivalirudin: results from ACUITY [abstract]. Circulation. 2006;114(18 Suppl):551.

Alexander KP, Ohman EM, Bertrand ME, Feit F, Pollack CV Jr, Hoekstra J, Gersh BJ, White HD, Stone GW. Outcomes in elderly patients undergoing PCI treated with bivalirudin monotherapy versus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with heparin or LMWH: results from the randomized ACUITY trial [abstract]. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98(8A Suppl):18M.

Mori K, Lansky AJ, Costa RA, Cequier A, Pollack CV Jr, Hoekstra J, Bertrand M, Gersh B, Stone GW. Gender differences in outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: a substudy of the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY (ACUITY) trial [abstract]. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98(8A Suppl):250M.

Chandra A, Cairns CB, Miller C, Lindsell CJ, Peacock WF IV, Hollander J, Hoekstra J, Pollack CV Jr, Gibler B. Emergency physician high pre-test probability for ACS predicts death, MI, or revascularization independent of initial ECG and cardiac biomarkers [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(4 Suppl):S10-S11.

Hoekstra JW, Manoukian SV, Miller CD, Hollander JE, Diercks DB, Peacock WF, Brogan GX, Blomkalns AL, Gibler WB, Larson DM, et al. Early, upstream, and consistent antithrombotic therapy in high risk non-ST-elevation ACS: should bivalirudin be initiated in the ED prior to coronary angiography? [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(4 Suppl):S30.

Miller CD, Warner RA, Hoekstra JW. The utility of electronically recorded S3 and S4 gallops to predict cardiac events in emergency department patients with chest pain [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(4 Suppl):S46.

Storrow AB, Lindsell CJ, Han JH, Slovis CM, Miller KF, Gibler WB, Hoekstra JW, Peacock WF, Hollander JE, Pollack CV. Discordant cardiac blomarkers: frequency and outcomes in emergency department patients with chest pain [abstract]. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(4 Suppl):S3.

Cox DA, Pollack CV, Hoekstra J, White HD, Ebrahimi R, Rasmussen LH, Rupprecht HJ, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in ACS patients undergoing PCI: impact of duration of upstream infusion in the ACUITY trial [abstract]. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98(8A Suppl):195M-196M.

Miller C, Hoekstra JW. Combination therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction In: Peacock WF, Tiffany BR, eds. Cardiac emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill;2006: 164-173.